1 | Albert |
Einstein | German theoretical physicist. Developed Theory of Relativity. |
| |
| Planck Era - The earliest stage of the Big Bang. |
| |
| Interval of Time - (t=0 up to t=10 raised to -43 seconds) |
| Max |
Planck | German theoretical physicist. |
| |
| Astrophysics - Branch of Astronomy concerned with celestial bodies. |
| |
| Antimatter - A material composed of antiparticles. |
| |
| Quark - Type of elementary particle. Fundamental constituent of matter. |
| |
| Lepton - A subatomic particle that doesn't undergo strong interactions. |
| |
| Boson - A subatomic particle that has zero or intergral spin. |
| Satyendra |
Nath Bose | Indian physicist. |
| Murray |
Gell-Mann | American physicist. Proposed the existence of Quarks as internal consitituents. |
| |
| Hadron - A subatomic particle that can take part in strong interaction. |
| |
| Large Hadron Collider - Largest machine in the world. |
| |
| 1 Light Year - Nearly six trillion miles or ten trillion kilometers. |
2 | Isaac |
Newton | Wrote the Universal Law of Gravitation. |
| Helios |
| The God of the Sun in Greek Mythology. |
| |
| Helium - A chemical element. |
| |
| Pioneer 10 & 11 - Spacecrafts that show the layout of the solar system. |
| |
| Shoemaker-Levy 9 - A comet that plunged in Jupeter's gas-rich atmosphere. |
| |
| Jupiter's Great Red Spot - A raging anti-cyclone for 350 years now. |
| |
| CMB - Cosmic Microwave Background. |
3 | George |
Gamow | Russian-born American physicist. Predicted the existence of CMB in 1940. |
| Georges |
Lemaitre | Father of the Big Bang Cosmology. The foundation of ideas about CMB. |
| Ralph |
Alpher | American physicist who first estimated the temperature of CMB. |
| Robert |
Herman | American physicist who first estimated the temperature of CMB. |
| Edwin P. |
Hubble | Discovered that the universe is expanding, year 1929. |
| J. Richard |
Gott | American astrophysicist. |
| Arno |
Penzias | Made a first direct observation of CMB. Won a nobel prize for the discovery. |
| Robert |
Wilson | Made a first direct observation of CMB. Won a nobel prize for the discovery. |
| Robert |
Dicke | The leader of the team of physicists at Princeton for building a CMB Detector. |
| John C. |
Mather | American astrophysicist with a nobel prize for observing the CMB. |
| George F. |
Smoot | American astrophysicist with a nobel prize for observing the CMB. |
4 | |
| Magellanic Clouds - Two irregular dwarf galaxies. |
| |
| Supernova - The explosion of a star. |
| |
| Quasars - Super luminous galaxy cores. |
5 | Fritz |
Zwicky | Swiss-American astronomer. First one to analyze the "missing mass" problem. |
| |
| Coma Berenices - An ancient asterism in the northern sky. |
| |
| The Coma Cluster - An isolated and richly populated ensemble of galaxies. |
| Vera |
Rubin | Astrophysicist. Discovered a similar mass anomaly within spiral galaxies. |
| Albert |
Michelson | Scientist at Case Western Reserve University. Asserted that Aether must exist. |
| Edward |
Morley | Scientist at Case Western Reserve University. Asserted that Aether must exist. |
| |
| Aether - Material that fills the region of the Universe above the terrestrial sphere. |
6 | |
| GR - Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. |
| Nicolaus |
Copernicus | A mathematician who discovered that planet Earth orbitted in perfect circles. |
| Alexander |
Friedmann | Russian physicist. Showed mathematically how Einstein's universe was unstable. |
| Brian |
Schmidt | Astrophysicist. |
| Alan H. |
Guth | American physicist at the Massachusets Institute of Technology. |
| John |
Wheeler | Tyson's General Relativity Professor in Graduate School. |
7 | Henry |
Cavendish | English Chemist who discovered Hydrogen. |
| Giuseppe |
Piazzi | Italian astronomer. Discovered a new planet orbiting the sun named Ceres. |
| William |
Herschel | British astronomer. Discovered Uranus and infrared light. |
| John |
Galle | German astronomer. Discovered Neptune on the spot predicted by Le Verrier. |
| Joseph |
Le Verrier | French mathematician. Predicted the location of Neptune. |
| Clyde |
Tombaugh | Discovered Pluto. |
8 | |
| Olympus Mons - The largest Mountain on Mars. |
| |
| Phobos & Deimos - The Idaho potato-shaped moons on Mars. |
9 | Antonie Van |
Leeuwenhoek | Discovered single-celled organisms. |
| Johann |
Wilhelm Ritter | German physicist and pharmacist. Discovered UV light. |
| Heinrich |
Hertz | German physicist. |
| Karl G. |
Jansky | American Engineer who built the first successful radio telescope. |
| Grote |
Reber | Built a 30-foot wide metal dish radio telescope in his backyard. |
| |
| MK1 - The planet's first genuinely gigantic radio telescope. |
| |
| FAST - The world's largest radio telescope. |
| |
| Very Large Array - 27 eighty-foot-two dishes positioned on tracks. |
| |
| ALMA - The Atacama Large Millimeter Array. |
| |
| Scintillator - A material that fluoresces when struck by a charged particle. |
| |
| Limited Test Ban Treaty - Prohibits nuclear testing underwater. |
| |
| The Velas - A series of satellites. |
10 | Gerard |
Kuiper | Dutch-born American astronomer. |
| |
| Halley - The most famous comet of them all. |
| |
| Oort Cloud - Spherical reservior of clouds. |
| Jan |
Oort | Dutch astrophysicist. |
| Michael |
Faraday | English physicist. |
| |
| Io - Jupiter's closest moon. |
| |
| Europa - Another one of Jupiter's moons. |
| |
| Charon - Pluto's largest moon. |
| |
| Aurora Borealis - Northern light. |
| |
| Australis - Southern light. |
| David |
Levy | Discovered Asteroid 1994Ka. |
| Carolyn |
Shoemaker | Discovered Asteroid 1994Ka. |
| |
| 13123-Tyson - What they named 1994Ka in honor of Tyson. |
11 | Carl |
Sagan | American astrophysicist. |
| Jocelyn |
Bell | A Graduate Student of Antony Hewish. |
| |
| Pulsars - Stars made out of neutrons that pulse radio waves. |
| |
| Cosmochemisty - Chemical Analysis of Planetary Atmospheres. |
| |
| Spectroscopy - The analysis of light by means of a spectrometer. |
| |
| Titan - Saturn's moon. |
| James |
Ferguson | Scottish astronomer. |