ASTROPHYSICS FOR PEOPLE IN A HURRY Characters By Chapter	EDITOR: Kristian Fabricante
CH FIRST NAME LAST NAME DESCRIPTION 1 Albert Einstein German theoretical physicist. Developed Theory of Relativity.       Planck Era - The earliest stage of the Big Bang.       Interval of Time - (t=0 up to t=10 raised to -43 seconds)   Max Planck German theoretical physicist.       Astrophysics - Branch of Astronomy concerned with celestial bodies.       Antimatter - A material composed of antiparticles.       Quark - Type of elementary particle. Fundamental constituent of matter.       Lepton - A subatomic particle that doesn't undergo strong interactions.       Boson - A subatomic particle that has zero or intergral spin.   Satyendra Nath Bose Indian physicist.   Murray Gell-Mann American physicist. Proposed the existence of Quarks as internal consitituents.       Hadron - A subatomic particle that can take part in strong interaction.       Large Hadron Collider - Largest machine in the world.       1 Light Year - Nearly six trillion miles or ten trillion kilometers. 2 Isaac Newton Wrote the Universal Law of Gravitation.   Helios   The God of the Sun in Greek Mythology.       Helium - A chemical element.       Pioneer 10 & 11 - Spacecrafts that show the layout of the solar system.       Shoemaker-Levy 9 - A comet that plunged in Jupeter's gas-rich atmosphere.       Jupiter's Great Red Spot - A raging anti-cyclone for 350 years now.       CMB - Cosmic Microwave Background. 3 George Gamow Russian-born American physicist. Predicted the existence of CMB in 1940.   Georges Lemaitre Father of the Big Bang Cosmology. The foundation of ideas about CMB.   Ralph Alpher American physicist who first estimated the temperature of CMB.   Robert Herman American physicist who first estimated the temperature of CMB.   Edwin P. Hubble Discovered that the universe is expanding, year 1929.   J. Richard Gott American astrophysicist.   Arno Penzias Made a first direct observation of CMB. Won a nobel prize for the discovery.   Robert Wilson Made a first direct observation of CMB. Won a nobel prize for the discovery.   Robert Dicke The leader of the team of physicists at Princeton for building a CMB Detector.   John C. Mather American astrophysicist with a nobel prize for observing the CMB.   George F. Smoot American astrophysicist with a nobel prize for observing the CMB. 4     Magellanic Clouds - Two irregular dwarf galaxies.       Supernova - The explosion of a star.       Quasars - Super luminous galaxy cores. 5 Fritz Zwicky Swiss-American astronomer. First one to analyze the "missing mass" problem.       Coma Berenices - An ancient asterism in the northern sky.       The Coma Cluster - An isolated and richly populated ensemble of galaxies.   Vera Rubin Astrophysicist. Discovered a similar mass anomaly within spiral galaxies.   Albert Michelson Scientist at Case Western Reserve University. Asserted that Aether must exist.   Edward Morley Scientist at Case Western Reserve University. Asserted that Aether must exist.       Aether - Material that fills the region of the Universe above the terrestrial sphere. 6     GR - Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.   Nicolaus Copernicus A mathematician who discovered that planet Earth orbitted in perfect circles.   Alexander Friedmann Russian physicist. Showed mathematically how Einstein's universe was unstable.   Brian Schmidt Astrophysicist.   Alan H. Guth American physicist at the Massachusets Institute of Technology.   John Wheeler Tyson's General Relativity Professor in Graduate School. 7 Henry Cavendish English Chemist who discovered Hydrogen.   Giuseppe Piazzi Italian astronomer. Discovered a new planet orbiting the sun named Ceres.   William Herschel British astronomer. Discovered Uranus and infrared light.   John Galle German astronomer. Discovered Neptune on the spot predicted by Le Verrier.   Joseph Le Verrier French mathematician. Predicted the location of Neptune.   Clyde Tombaugh Discovered Pluto. 8     Olympus Mons - The largest Mountain on Mars.       Phobos & Deimos - The Idaho potato-shaped moons on Mars. 9 Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Discovered single-celled organisms.   Johann Wilhelm Ritter German physicist and pharmacist. Discovered UV light.   Heinrich Hertz German physicist.   Karl G. Jansky American Engineer who built the first successful radio telescope.   Grote Reber Built a 30-foot wide metal dish radio telescope in his backyard.       MK1 - The planet's first genuinely gigantic radio telescope.       FAST - The world's largest radio telescope.       Very Large Array - 27 eighty-foot-two dishes positioned on tracks.       ALMA - The Atacama Large Millimeter Array.       Scintillator - A material that fluoresces when struck by a charged particle.       Limited Test Ban Treaty - Prohibits nuclear testing underwater.       The Velas - A series of satellites. 10 Gerard Kuiper Dutch-born American astronomer.       Halley - The most famous comet of them all.       Oort Cloud - Spherical reservior of clouds.   Jan Oort Dutch astrophysicist.   Michael Faraday English physicist.       Io - Jupiter's closest moon.       Europa - Another one of Jupiter's moons.       Charon - Pluto's largest moon.       Aurora Borealis - Northern light.       Australis - Southern light.   David Levy Discovered Asteroid 1994Ka.   Carolyn Shoemaker Discovered Asteroid 1994Ka.       13123-Tyson - What they named 1994Ka in honor of Tyson. 11 Carl Sagan American astrophysicist.   Jocelyn Bell A Graduate Student of Antony Hewish.       Pulsars - Stars made out of neutrons that pulse radio waves.       Cosmochemisty - Chemical Analysis of Planetary Atmospheres.       Spectroscopy - The analysis of light by means of a spectrometer.       Titan - Saturn's moon.   James Ferguson Scottish astronomer.